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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第4 A) z3 A* ^: C- |* p) p$ kmso-font-kerning:0pt">2! v8 O4 O) D3 r' N" dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;; F+ J8 ^- V: f1 r
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* c& @6 m5 ~. X7 a" v: X7 x" d3 Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：7 ^8 n8 `9 n6 S5 |3 o0 umso-font-kerning:0pt">"1 z/ w: M+ F2 r% V* D l; L' u$ d; c$ {font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;5 W1 N: b. [% l8 N% e
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。% g+ R1 ?; S& f! x4 |8 |0 x: j9 ^, C
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3 w" k: Y9 F' n3 l3 I& R: _) ZTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。2 D* M' g; j; I$ ~9 ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">“4 Q8 t" H" |$ l: \" X- g$ O
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经% J" h2 }9 v5 L9 Q/ |
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。5 _0 ^1 q( M" G
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% [% O# i/ d Y3 G# M7 Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是0 U9 E1 T+ Z+ Q1 B
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1 v8 D5 }4 z4 U3 N3 R( C9 K9 M% mmso-font-kerning:0pt">思想纯正。5 l5 V, g% N# X- _% L
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？! k3 C9 Q/ z& K& A
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，3 G6 T/ k$ l& v) j& |# R
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; l( k5 Z! P6 ]- s, hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">就是贯穿于诗经三百篇中的核心精神。6 ~" } \- a* I' t$ @mso-font-kerning:0pt"> ; V3 e3 |) H x
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: g' c& c# |! e% c1 Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐0 F. c! U3 G9 w3 }' W+ l
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. q" z& x3 e4 k; w6 umso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种: x; ^; x+ \1 d- \# R/ wmso-font-kerning:0pt">“. [' p' i# q B+ i/ S0 y1 n
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+ u# Y6 ]0 C# {) ]% [# g; amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的" Q8 h1 [# y% R0 c+ f: @" fmso-font-kerning:0pt">“" X* O% U7 L! \# b5 D6 A% K7 Y( B5 pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
2 f5 u) [5 A, s7 X) fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐! z# C3 ]( X. P. q8 [7 E! x
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" ]& R0 o I, `! }% R$ {; Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，( g3 C/ B+ ?4 }8 omso-font-kerning:0pt">“, a5 o1 k9 l K4 ~9 t8 {; H, G
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; c2 R o' e! F* hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗教8 B' t% S4 {7 c, ymso-font-kerning:0pt">”2 E: |9 c9 E: p( H
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。3 c* i) O! M- X" ^
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌# p5 Q, n" h9 V9 h
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+ z+ n0 V( ^$ nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视5 T$ \, G$ }! L2 B: h' y
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5 p( H6 y% o1 K5 z. e9 A/ ]" ^mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗$ _3 x, W. U/ L+ k7 w- |: ]. u& c% x
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：3 a8 y* ~5 C! U% j. f( I) Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 i. B- a4 e+ B5 s5 |
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。& h9 s( k# l Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">”* }, q. j/ @3 u3 }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;/ H' o# R! j# `8 d" t+ a" I7 X! T
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语( @5 }/ d8 ?# K; `8 w7 Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">•2 O. T* b9 _. c9 e9 ~( P3 D
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* O9 q3 L6 C3 S( B5 B! z- N( G7 C5 b5 Umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。8 _4 u. g3 H5 _$ Y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语/ E B/ ]1 x/ | O1 wmso-font-kerning:0pt">•: y6 K I: |% J! k7 j* ]
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/ l! Q- z" k5 p' x# |7 O% B# _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过# s, H ]' m2 ]! @# amso-font-kerning:0pt">“- T4 a) @7 c: p9 W& z: a2 J
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨. i) o4 K8 Y; h; l. X W0 v) Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">”# Z& E( E' a! W4 h) l* B+ b
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( W" I- ]8 N* gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人( S' ^3 l, t8 jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“" j+ y ]/ O6 J7 a0 `/ d$ |0 ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
+ F% Z, X3 X6 ^) k6 amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪5 E Z) a6 N0 e! |6 z& M' }4 Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">”# {$ k6 [1 `$ n. gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;3 \- B4 G: F, ]8 `) }
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。& _' }) o5 R* d7 z+ fmso-font-kerning:0pt"> ' U, \# D! R% D |
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。1 J+ L1 v. f# R) h- ^
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。" K4 \6 h$ c( ~
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4 {5 J' y' t& z8 }. p* Z, \- U( M% M0 h- vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃) W, z( h, ?) u( gmso-font-kerning:0pt">“: @1 b: J# M: }1 n0 |, @9 b! c
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6 f z( k% h/ ?( |: O, Q$ } umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”+ Q2 l; w3 _4 V/ l* b R/ F( V
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。5 K* C7 K) p* t- e/ G2 t! H+ x
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于% X5 K- ~- ], j& P2 M% N" Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“% p9 X$ G+ Z, }# p9 D( Yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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3 ~' ]4 v- Q' D6 H! Amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群1 ^1 g1 a+ s& G8 a3 [3 V% ^: A
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& S/ Z! B2 e Smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓& Z- q. q9 T/ c0 `: i4 L. {+ i
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: G; P. c0 q# V. ^6 ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓% G& z* b% g' U% G7 Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 E6 D' m- B( k5 U& U& w8 h; R: Y/ qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
4 r! l8 d) K$ P6 T& _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观% Z7 m+ @4 t2 s8 v- umso-font-kerning:0pt">”. Z( }) x0 J( Y j; C( _8 I
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓% d( y0 X* h1 r$ u6 ^
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓& k7 b7 e+ m! L5 M
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9 | m8 S( X, |. t# S) fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨9 K9 t n" v4 Y& h# ? M9 Imso-font-kerning:0pt">”9 d: g T; ^- Y: P, d" |; E: F
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/ O/ j/ a6 W3 W! E; xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼, q j4 `& c7 c @' ?! J% |
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% o% e9 D% F M, n" v8 }- B" Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语5 b: ?: M% Q' {% b5 v) ], Amso-font-kerning:0pt">.+ }8 I, A# ^; Bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;2 }1 u" v0 W7 G9 u+ Q
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能9 [) L; G6 L4 C7 A' W3 y3 O3 Q
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3 ` s7 u' \- a3 L% @: omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹5 A. o& j1 m% X4 t7 q' u, a
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9 W) Q5 f" Z" V3 J/ X5 A* ~mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人" i6 Q. i/ m0 c- a( d
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语* Q3 o7 X! f4 `2 o2 J V, amso-font-kerning:0pt">.) z6 D3 ^) ?. s
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+ _( C% D% ]* W' k# J' Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。! {) M% r1 |+ H: K6 j0 z4 f3 K
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. c. K2 G2 L ^1 z/ |2 D& c: eTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。/ \( m3 S" u+ s9 R
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3 b% C v0 y$ P6 {2 s( S) TTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">智者见智，淫者见淫。有道理6 B' R' L# E9 d0 Z& t) G; k$ \0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。# x/ E8 N* H% E0 b+ y6 rmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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4 V- Z4 P$ f0 Y5 kTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫西麦：* m: O/ n, H3 ?+ |3 g0pt"> - c6 p8 k3 ?+ @0 a* K) S
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% x- v. h- h5 W" w8 p3 Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，不但文稿晦暗，而且说服力弱) v, _. l7 a8 m& A' gmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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' P7 j" E5 L J M- bTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊，大家看看习总的语言风格，文学素养深厚，值得学习。
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